Understanding Fish Vaccination
1 November 2004
Although fish farming has great development potential in Asia, fish diseases still remain a major constraint to its successful expansion. The culture environment, be it in tanks, cages or ponds, seawater or freshwater, can stress the fish due to high stocking densities, reduced oxygen levels, sub-optimal water quality and high pathogen loads. Therefore, farmed fish, similar to farmed animals, have an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. Such diseases may be bacterial, viral, fungal or parasitic in origin.
Cedric Komar, William.J. Enright, Luc Grisez, and Zilong Tan
