Temperate Water

Diseases

Name	Description
Enteric Septicaemia	considered, both biologically and economically, as the most important disease of farm-raised channel catfish, particularly in the USA. The acute disease is now commonly known as ESC but chronic infections are also known as “hole-in-the-head” disease.
Furunculosis	caused by the bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (A. salm), is one of the most serious infectious diseases of wild and farmed salmonids throughout the world, except South America.
Nocardia disease	a long-term and problematic bacterial infection of warm-water fish
Pasteurellosis	a variety of marine fish in several parts of the world have been frequently infected with a highly virulent bacterium originally called Pasteurella piscicida (thus the name Pasteurellosis). The disease was renamed in 1995 and is now officially called Photobacterium damsela subspecies piscicida.
Streptococcosis	caused by Streptococcus iniae (a Gram-positive, non-acid fast, non motile, oxidase positive, catalase negative, beta-haemolytic, coccus bacterium), this is one of the most serious diseases of warmwater fish. It is present in both marine and freshwater environments and has a global distribution. Cumulative mortality can be as high as 70%.
Vibriosis	a bacterial disease of salt-water and migratory fish, and the severity of vibriosis has increased proportionately with the development and expansion of fish farming world-wide. It has a global distribution with epizootics on all continents and a wide range of fish.
Winter Disease Syndrome	over the last few years a disease referred to as Winter Disease Syndrome (WDS) has been affecting (mainly) sea bream in the Mediterranean area. The diseased fish show typical behaviour for this disease, i.e., they swim belly-up and, as the name indicates, they are affected mainly during winter when water temperatures are low.